UK Energy Supply & Distribution Network Operators (DNOs)

The UK energy networks help keep homes and businesses powered with reliable electricity. When you turn on a switch, you rely on a large electricity network. This network is managed by Distribution Network Operators (DNOs), Independent Distribution Network Operators (IDNOs), and the National Grid. These operators take care of power lines, transformers, and substations. They ensure that electricity reaches homes and businesses across Britain.

What Is a Distribution Network Operator (DNO)?

A Distribution Network Operator, known as a DNO, controls how electricity moves. The DNO gets power from the National Transmission Network. Then, they deliver it to homes and businesses. This work is done in a specific geographical region.

The National Grid Electricity Transmission Network moves a large amount of electricity over long distances using high voltage. It transfers this electricity to Distribution Network Operators (DNOs) through substations. The DNOs then reduce the voltage and distribute the electricity through the local grid.

DNO Responsibilities Include:

• Taking care of power lines, transformers, and substations.
• Fixing power cuts and getting electricity supply back on.
• Managing demand during bad weather.
• Connecting renewables, like wind farms, to the electricity network.
• Working with Ofgem, the UK’s energy industry regulator, to meet service standards.

Who Are the Distribution Network Operators in the UK?

The UK has many different areas. Each area is looked after by a Distribution Network Operator, or DNO. If there is a power cut, you should contact your local DNO. Do not get in touch with your energy supplier.

📍 Locate Your Local DNO: You can type in your postcode to find your DNO on the Energy Networks Association (ENA) website.

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What Is an Independent Distribution Network Operator (IDNO)?

An Independent Distribution Network Operator (IDNO) is like a Distribution Network Operator (DNO). The key difference is that IDNOs serve smaller areas, such as new housing developments or business parks. They purchase electricity from DNOs at bulk prices. After that, they distribute it using their own networks.

Some of the main IDNOs in the UK include:

• Independent Power Networks Limited
• GTC Infrastructure Limited
• ESP Electricity Limited

How Electricity Is Distributed Across the UK

1. Transmission Network (National Grid)

• The National Grid controls the electricity transmission system. It sends power across Britain through high-voltage transmission lines.
• This network of towers ensures that electricity travels long distances efficiently.

2. Distribution Network (DNOs & IDNOs)

• DNOs reduce high-voltage electricity and deliver it to local distribution networks.
• IDNOs supply electricity to smaller areas, such as new housing estates.

3. Local Grid & Final Supply

• The local grid reduces the voltage before sending power to homes and businesses.
• People get electricity from their energy supplier. The energy supplier manages billing but not the infrastructure.

Who Should You Contact for a Power Cut?

If you have a power cut, your DNO will take care of the issue. The DNO is chosen based on your specific geographical region. Your energy supplier does not fix power cuts.

• Call 105 – This is a free emergency phone number. It helps you contact your local DNO.
• If there is a problem with the gas supply, please call the National Gas Emergency Helpline.
• The number to call is 0800 111 999.

Why Do Power Cuts Happen?

A power cut can occur due to several reasons:

• Severe Weather – Strong winds, storms, and floods can damage power lines.
• Network Issues – A single fault in the electricity network can lead to a blackout.
• Overloaded Grid – High energy usage in winter can put a strain on the distribution network.
• Scheduled Maintenance – Planned power cuts occur when DNOs improve equipment.
• Transmission Issues – If the National Grid Electricity Distribution system fails, it affects large areas.

The invasion of Ukraine has changed how energy is used in Europe. It has also impacted the supply stability across the region.

Can You Claim Compensation for a Power Cut?

If a DNO does not fix the electricity supply in a reasonable time, you may be eligible for compensation for the power cut. Ofgem's guaranteed standards cover this situation.

Compensation Amounts for Power Cuts in Normal Conditions

You must make claims within three months after the power returns.

Compensation for Power Cuts Due to Severe Weather

• If you lose power for more than 24 hours, you can get £85.
• For every additional 6 hours without power, you will get £40 more.
• The maximum amount you can receive is £2,000.

Compensation will rise if a power cut impacts more than 5,000 homes.

Planned Power Cuts & Consumer Rights

Your DNO needs to let you know at least two days before a planned power cut for maintenance.

If they fail to notify you, you can claim:

• £30 for households
• £70 for businesses

Understanding Distribution Use of System (DUoS) Charges

Distribution Use of System (DUoS) charges are payments made by energy suppliers to Distribution Network Operators (DNOs). These fees are for using their networks to deliver electricity.

• Take care of powergrid infrastructure.
• Make transformers and substations better.
• Support renewables like wind farms.

Consumers pay DUoS charges through their energy bills, but they do it in a roundabout way.

Frequently Asked Questions